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Overview

Delta Cost Project measures of educational costs per student, student and subsidy shares, and production

In the following state factsheets, the Delta Cost Project has organized data on institutional spending and revenues into aggregate measures of costs per student and costs per degree/certificate produced.  These measures have been developed using  data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) to allow evaluation of changes over time, and to put information into context through comparison with patterns in other states or sectors.  These metrics and factsheets are likely to be most relevant to state policy makers who need to make decisions about issues such as funding adequacy, student tuition policies, and the relative cost effectiveness of existing investment patterns. The following measures are presented in the factsheets per full-time equivalent (FTE) student and adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Price Index (CPI); all fiscal data are displayed in 2006 dollars:

• Education and related (E&R) expenses:  includes all spending for instruction and student services, plus a portion of spending on academic and institutional support and for operations and maintenance of buildings. E&R spending is sometimes also called a “full cost of education” measure. It includes spending from all revenue sources, for all students including undergraduates, graduates and others, and all courses of instruction across types of disciplines, and thus represents average institutional spending across these sectors. Within any institution, there can be considerable variations in costs within this average, with lower spending on average for undergraduates than graduates, as well as considerable variation by discipline. (See the issue brief, Who Pays for Higher Education? Changing Patterns in Cost, Price and Subsidies for more detail on these and the other measures.)
• Net tuition portion of E&R expenses: is equal to gross tuition revenue minus institutional grant aid and tuition discounts.
• Average subsidy portion of E&R expenses: the difference between E&R costs and net tuition revenue; this is the average dollar amount of E&R expenses that is covered by institutional resources (primarily state funding at public institutions) per FTE student. 
• The student share of costs (discounted): the percentage of E&R expenses that are paid, on average, from net student tuition revenues.
• Aggregate education and related spending/student completions: an estimate of total education and related costs per completion, as contrasted to costs per student enrolled.  It is calculated by summing the E&R costs for all students for a year, and dividing that by all degrees and certificates awarded in that year.  Much as the average cost per student figure does not distinguish between costs by level of student or discipline, the spending/completions figure does not distinguish between what is spent for different types of degrees and certificates awarded.  “Completions” includes all degrees, certificates, diplomas or other formal awards granted by an institution in a year, whether the student initially enrolled in that institution as a freshman or a junior, and without regard to the number of years the student was enrolled before attaining the completion. 
• Completions per 100 FTE Students: indicates how many completions (including degrees, certificates, and other formal awards) were produced for every 100 FTE students enrolled in the course of the academic year.  This metric is not the same as the cohort graduation rate (which was not available prior to 1997).

The IPEDS data used to create the factsheets come from the National Center for Education Statistics and has been organized into a database by the Delta Cost Project.  The enrollment data presented in the factsheets are from the fall of academic year 2005-06. The distribution of students at public institutions may not sum to 100% because we do not show the percentage of students at tribal, specialty, and less than 2-year public institutions.

The following links lead to national  and state level data for public institutions organized by Carnegie 2000 classifications. For more information on the institutions included in the state factsheets please read the State Factsheets Institution List (PDF).